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This e-book examines the latest progress in nanocellulose for use in paper and board. It provides information on structure and properties, raw materials, production and characterization methods, surface treatment, and applications in paper, board and high-strength composites.
Cellulose has great potential as a nanomaterial as it's abundant, renewable and biodegradable. It can be used in paper for its superior strength properties and can also be used as a wet-end additive to enhance retention in coating and packaging applications. Nanocellulose can form transparent films with excellent barrier properties, allowing it to be competitive with petroleum-based plastics in food packaging. Due to its reinforcing properties, nanocellulose can also be used in bio-composites and other matrix materials.
Executive Summary
Introduction and methodology
- Introduction
- Objective
- Methodology
- Glossary
- Abbreviations
Developments in Nanocellulose
- Overview
- Structure of Cellulose
- Dimensions of Nanocellulose
- Structure and Properties of Nanocellulose
- Drivers for Development
- Commercialization Opportunities
- Commercialization Barriers
Raw Materials and Production Processes
- Sources of Nanocellulose
- Wood
- Agricultural Crops and By-products
- Bacterial Cellulose
- Animal Cellulose
- Production of Nanocellulose
- Chemical Delignification
- Refining and High-pressure Homogenization
- Cryocrushing
- Grinding
- Pretreatment
- Chemicals
- Enzymes
- Preparation and Properties of Microfibrillated Cellulose Films
- Characterization Methods
- Nanoindentation Techniques
- Microscopy Characterization
- X-ray Diffractometry
- Tensile Tests
- Electrical Conductivity
- Transparency Measurements
- Thermomechanical Analysis
- Rheological Behavior of Suspensions
- Surface Modification to Improve Properties
- Carboxylation
- Grafting
- Acetylation/alkylation
- Silylation
- Surfactants
- Treatment with polyelectrolytes
Applications
- Paper and Board
- Improved Properties and New Paper Grades
- Coating Applications
- Surface Strength Agent to Reduce Linting
- Packaging Material
- High-Strength Biocomposites
- Patents on the Use of Nanocellulose as Reinforcement in Composites
Future Trends
References